General & Guides

Spare Parts Stocking Strategy for Industrial Machinery

✍️ USEL Engineering📅 01 May 20265 min read

The most frequent cause of a production stoppage is a spare part that has yet to arrive. Parts held under the right strategy keep production running; under the wrong one, you have neither the spare you need nor any use for what you have piled up. This guide sets out the professional approaches.

Why Is a Stocking Strategy Critical?

  • THE COST OF A STOPPAGE — lost hourly revenue plus fixed overheads
  • LEAD TIME — a spare part from outside Türkiye can take 2-6 weeks to arrive
  • A CRITICAL PART — without it the machine stops altogether
  • A CONSUMABLE PART — replaced periodically (orifice, focusing tube, blade)
  • AN INSURANCE PART — rarely needed, but a large loss when it is missing

ABC Analysis — Setting Priorities

Not every part matters equally; ABC analysis divides parts into 3 classes:

ClassDefinitionStocking StrategyExamples
A — CriticalIts absence stops production; long lead timeAlways in stock, minimum 1-2 offPump seal, valve, control board
B — ConsumablePeriodic replacement, can be plannedMonthly consumption × 2 in stockOrifice, blade, garnet
C — GeneralCommon, quick to sourceJust-in-time or minimalBolts, seals, cable

Waterjet — The Critical Spare Parts List

  • A: UHP pump seal kit — minimum 2 kits
  • A: Pump valve kit — minimum 1 kit
  • A: A spare CNC control board (for a machine 5+ years old)
  • B: Diamond/sapphire orifice — monthly consumption × 2
  • B: Focusing tube — monthly consumption × 2
  • B: Mixing chamber — monthly consumption × 1
  • B: High-pressure hose — 1 spare set
  • C: General bolts, seals, cable — minimal

CNC Bridge Saw — The Critical Spare Parts List

  • A: Spindle oil filter — 2 spares
  • A: A spare CNC control board
  • A: Servo motor (1 spare for the most critical axis)
  • A: A set of limit switches
  • B: Diamond blade — weekly consumption × 4
  • B: Spindle tool holder (ER25/HSK63) — 2-3 spares
  • B: Lubricating oil — monthly consumption × 3
  • B: Vacuum table seal
  • C: General consumables

Sandblasting — The Critical Spare Parts List

  • A: Gun safety trigger (deadman) kit
  • A: Pressure regulator
  • A: Pressure gauge
  • B: Nozzle (abrasive plus air) — monthly consumption × 3
  • B: Hose (air plus abrasive) — 1 spare set
  • B: Tank seal
  • C: Filters, valves, seals — monthly consumption × 2

Stock Management Systems

The Min-Max System (Classic)

  • A "minimum" and a "maximum" stock level are set for each part
  • An order is triggered when stock falls below the minimum level
  • The order quantity equals the difference between maximum and minimum
  • Advantage: simple, and manual tracking is possible
  • Disadvantage: slow to respond to a change in the consumption trend

JIT (Just-in-Time)

  • Stock is kept to a minimum and the part is ordered at the moment of need
  • Advantage: low stockholding cost, no risk of stock going out of date
  • Disadvantage: a delay in supply → a production stoppage
  • Only for parts with a short lead time (locally sourced spares)
  • NEVER JIT for a critical part — a minimum stock is essential

Consignment Stock

  • The supplier holds its stock at the workshop and invoices once it is used
  • The workshop invests nothing in stock
  • Possible where the supplier is large and the customer is a continuing one
  • Authorised service providers such as USEL may offer it to a large customer

Service Agreement (SLA)

Instead of holding spare parts yourself, or alongside doing so — enter into an SLA with the authorised service provider:

  • An annual fixed fee plus stock management by the service provider
  • A guaranteed lead time (24-48 hours is typical)
  • Periodic maintenance included — an annual service visit
  • Telephone support 24/7
  • Remote diagnostics (TeamViewer/USB log analysis)
  • For the workshop: less capital tied up in stock plus expert support
  • USEL Authorised Service offers an SLA option — the detail is on the /en/service page

Stock Management Software

  • PLAIN EXCEL — enough for a small workshop
  • AN ERP MODULE (SAP, Microsoft Dynamics) — a medium to large workshop
  • DEDICATED STOCK SOFTWARE (Logo, Mikro) — widespread in Türkiye
  • BARCODE/RFID — physical tracking done automatically
  • AN ALERT SYSTEM — an automatic email when stock falls below the minimum
  • SUPPLIER INTEGRATION — ordering in a single click

Storage Conditions

  • A DRY ENVIRONMENT — moisture causes corrosion (electronics above all)
  • A TEMPERATURE OF 5-30°C — conditions that are too cold or too hot damage oil and rubber
  • LIGHT — UV degrades some plastic and rubber parts
  • AN INVENTORY LABEL — a unique code plus a date on every part
  • FIFO (first in, first out) — older stock is used first
  • SECURITY — a locked store with a record system

The Spare Parts Problem on Older Machines

  • A machine 5+ years old — some parts may no longer be made by the manufacturer
  • Suppliers keep their parts stores limited (10 years is the standard)
  • A machine 15+ years old — a special order, or an alternative brand
  • The strategy: plan your critical parts stock early (in the fifth year)
  • Replacing a machine 20+ years old should be considered
Frequently Asked Questions

COMMON
QUESTIONS

Class A parts — the pump seal, the valve kit, the control board and the critical servo motor. Without these the machine will not run at all, and supply can take 2-4 weeks. Holding a spare prevents the most expensive kind of stoppage.